The asymmetry in petalia location in OL-23/77 comes within the range of variation observed in the comparative population.

The endocast of the individual OL-23/77 shows a left frontal/left occipital petalia, while the comparative population mostly had right frontal/left occipital petalias.

The sella turcica of OL-23/77 is much larger than in the comparative sample. Based on the CT scans, the internal cranial anatomy was analysed. The material consisted of 33 adult skulls from a mediaeval population, one of them belonging to an adult female with endocrine disorders (OL-23/77). The aim of this study is to characterize the internal anatomical features of the skull (brain endocast anatomy and asymmetry, frontal pneumatization, cranial thickness, sella turcica size) of an adult individual from the 11-14th centuries with these two diseases, in comparison with non-pathological individuals from the same population. Gigantism and acromegaly have been observed in past populations however, analyses usually focus on the morphological features of the post-cranial skeleton.

5Royal Museum for Central Africa, Department of African Zoology, Tervuren, Belgium.

4Direction, Département de la Recherche et de L’Enseignement Musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac, Paris, France.

3Laboratoire Anthropologie, Archéologie, Biologie (LAAB), Unité de Formation à la Recherche (UFR) des Sciences de la Santé, Université Paris-Saclay (UVSQ) & Musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France.

2PaleoFED Team, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7194, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Homme et Environnement, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France.

1Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

Anna Maria Kubicka 1,2*, Philippe Charlier 3,4 and Antoine Balzeau 2,5

Gorilla skull mastoid process